Abstract:
This study examines the constitutional frameworks of India and the United States to give a
comparative examination of federalism. Their systems reflect different historical, political, and
sociocultural circumstances, even though both countries practice federalism. With its dual
federalism model, which emphasizes a distinct separation of powers between the federal and
state governments, the United States allows for more state sovereignty. On the other hand,
India's federal system is more centralized, with a stronger central government and cooperative
features, the result of its colonial past and the desire for national unity amid its many cultures.
This research examines the structural, functional, and contextual distinctions between the two
systems, emphasizing the power dynamics, constitutional roots, and the judiciary's function in
maintaining a balance between the state and central authority. It also draws attention to
important issues like regionalism, economic inequality, and calls for increased autonomy. By
providing useful suggestions for boosting democratic governance, guaranteeing fair
development, and improving the efficacy of federal systems, the study seeks to add to the larger
conversation on federalism. The results imply that although each system has advantages and
disadvantages, a more adaptable and responsive federal governing style may guarantee national
unity, advance social fairness, and encourage regional autonomy.
