Abstract:
Organ donation and transplantation are critical advancements in modern medicine, saving
countless lives by addressing end-stage organ failure. However, these practices operate within a
complex matrix of legal, ethical, and societal challenges. This study examines the global legal
frameworks governing organ donation, highlighting key legislation such as the Uniform
Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA), the Human Tissue Act, and international agreements like the WHO's
Guiding Principles and the Declaration of Istanbul.
The research explores the interplay between opt-in and opt-out consent systems, the ethical
dilemmas surrounding donor autonomy and allocation equity, and the persistent issues of organ
trafficking. Furthermore, it delves into the roles of international collaborations and national
regulations in addressing disparities, enhancing donor systems, and safeguarding against
exploitation.
Despite significant advancements, challenges such as inadequate donor supply, public mistrust,
and inconsistencies in legal enforcement remain. This study aims to propose informed legal
reforms, strengthen ethical standards, and encourage international cooperation to create
equitable and transparent organ donation systems worldwide. Through a comprehensive analysis
of existing frameworks, this research seeks to contribute to policy development and address the
ethical and legal complexities of organ donation and transplantation.
