Abstract:
The exploration of space by humans has not only broadened our technological
capacities, but has also presented a novel domain for environmental considerations. The
proliferation of satellites, space debris, and ambitious space exploration missions has
resulted in an expanding ecological footprint beyond the confines of Earth's
atmosphere. The rapid increase in space debris presents a substantial hazard, as inactive
satellites and fragments from past missions contribute to the buildup of orbital
congestion, which could result in collisions and the creation of additional debris.
Furthermore, the utilization of propulsion systems, such as rockets, emits noxious
substances into space, thereby contributing to the contamination of the extraterrestrial
milieu. As humanity explores space further, it is crucial to establish sustainable
practices and regulations to minimize the environmental impact of our activities beyond
Earth. Ensuring the long-term sustainability of our presence in space requires us to
carefully consider the advantages of space exploration while also being responsible
stewards of the environment. Due to the rapid acceleration of space-based activities,
especially the projected increase in the quantity of satellites in low Earth orbit, it is
crucial to carefully assess the effects of artificial space objects on Earth systems.
Comprehending the complete range of these effects, assessing their comparative
environmental advantages and disadvantages, and finding the most effective ways to
reduce the disadvantages present significant difficulties. To tackle these problems, it
would be helpful for the satellite industry and user community to adopt a more
transparent approach in evaluating environmental effects, starting from the early
planning stages all the way to decommissioning (including any extensions of the
satellite's lifespan). Additionally, they should provide proof of achieving a positive
environmental impact before launching the satellite
