“Law Relating Air Pollution in Bangladesh: A Critical Review”

Abstract

Air pollution in Bangladesh has become a critical environmental and public health issue, with far- reaching consequences for the population’s health and well-being. The rapid pace of urbanization, industrial growth, and population expansion has significantly increased the levels of air pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO₂ ), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Dhaka, the capital, is consistently ranked among the most polluted cities globally, often surpassing the recommended air quality standards. Major contributors to air pollution in Bangladesh include emissions from motor vehicles, brick kiln operations, industrial activities, construction, and the widespread use of biomass fuels for cooking. These pollutants are linked to a rise in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, along with higher rates of premature mortality, putting immense pressure on the country’s healthcare system. Additionally, pollution has adverse effects on the environment, damaging agriculture, forests, and water resources. Despite some governmental efforts to reduce pollution, such as promoting cleaner technologies and tightening regulations, enforcement remains insufficient, and pollution levels continue to exceed safe limits. Addressing the air pollution crisis in Bangladesh requires comprehensive strategies for air quality management, increased public awareness, and international collaboration. Strengthening policies, advancing sustainable energy solutions, and enhancing urban planning are essential steps to reduce air pollution and protect public health in the nation.